(Community Development)
by Dr. David Vumlallian Zou
1. Mimal leh minam “khantouna” ding kilunggul chiat na pi’n, khantouna omzie pen hilchet hamsa sim hi. Tulai hindan leh khosahna a “changkanna” i chep khahte ziah in, mi tampite’n i pi-le-pu Lawki-te sang a “khangtou” zoh in kingaisun uhi. Hinanleh tami pen eima khang mite ngaidan ahi lel a, i pi-le-pute’n zong khantouna ngaidan a kinei tham ding uhi. Mi khenkhat in khantouna thu tahsa leh hagau lam in a khen ua, hinanleh tu’n “veng-le-paam” khantouna (community development) lam i en zoh ding uhi. Tami Sapham a “community” chi kammal Zoukam in “khotang” ahilouleh “veng-le-paam” chi’a lekhiat thei ahi.
2. Mimal kisiamphat ding leh nam khantou ding ngaikho nanlei, a langkhat lam ah i veng-le-paam khantouna pen tah nelsie bailam zel hi. Mimal khantouna in veng-le-paam khantouna tun thei hinapi in, khat veivei tami gel a kizopna mu hamsa hi. Etsahna di’n, mi tampi in laisiam leh IAS tampi om lei kikhangtou ding in gingta uhi. India a gam liangvai pen Bihar bang in IAS tampi nei a, hinanleh veng-le-paam khantouna tun tuan lou zel hi. Officer, zatousiam leh laisiam mitampi nei ding poimo tham a, khantouna chi khat zong ahi, hinanleh tamite’n veng-le-paam khantouna piangsah chitchiat lou maithei zel hi. Ahileh veng-le-paam khantouna omzie bang chi thei ding ata diai?
3. India, Africa leh Latin America apat Mikang gamkehte a pawt khiat lai in, veng-le-paam khantouna ding pen gamsung mite khut a kinga ahidan hing kichian deudeu hi. India gam lailung a di’n Mahatma Gandhi in veng-le-paam khantouna leh mani kitoudel theina ding ngaikhona lianpi a nei hi. Tualeh Latin America pumpi zong gambung genthei a kingaisun ahia, tuami mun ah 1970 vel apat Tapidaw hattuamte’n “khotang ngaikhohna” tha a hing nei ua, a kim-le-pam a mihing gentheina leh zawnna a vei mama uhi. Tami zawnna saltanna leh suatatna ding ngaidante Brazil-mi laigelhtu, Paulo Freire in, a laibu Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1972)[1] sung ah a zungsui mama hi. Freire in Latin America gambung a mizousia khentuam omlou a (adiah a numawl-pamawlte) siamsinna piah a, tuachi’a khotang khantouna painsah ding dan lampi limtah in a sui hi. Tualeh 1980 vel in khovel a solkal tampi’n nampi khantouna pen a tung lam apat ekonomik khantouna toh a nuai lam a mizawngte luankhum thei ding in kinepna lianpi a nei uhi. Hinanleh 1990 vel apat a tunglam a ekonomik khantouna pen huntawh lou a, a nuailam apat veng-le-paam khantouna kisam petma in akithei kia hi.
4. Ei India Mal-Suah lam ah, Tapidaw missionary-te’n veng-le-paam khantouna toh kisai louma ahing patpi uhi. Damtheina lam a di’n zatou-inn, leh siamsinna di’n saang-inn chite ana pibawl uhi. Tualeh eima sung a sum-le-pai sunkhawmna ding lampi antangham chindan leh nehsuidan ding lampi a thei khomkhom in ahing na hil uhi. Midang panpina maimai a thawn a kilamen lou a, eima sung a pankhawm leh -kipumkhawm a nasem ding thu gingthate ana sinsah uhi. Khat leh khat kimuan ngamna pen veng-le-paam khantouna zungpi khat ahi chi tunai in social scientist-te’n musuo deudeu ua, tami pankhawmna pen khotang sumpi (social capital) achi hial uhi. Assam a American missionary, Rev. A.K. Gurney in 1886 Missionary Khawmpi ah hichin a gen a,
“Tapidaw a suah ziah mai un bangma a thawn in pe sin, ahithei tan in silthawn piah [gingtu suah thate] mawh piah vawt sin len, sil khat pou na piah leh a nasep thaman ziah hi zaw hen … Amau-le-amau nasep silbawl a changkanna a tahlat lou uleh, a thawn in summuna (income) pe sin”.
American Baptist missionary-te mudan in zawnna gal midang tung a kinga a, sil thawn piah a suhveng thei hilou ahi, chi a kilang hi. Tapidaw suah ziah leh piantha ziah mai a zawnna bei ding ahi sih a, zawnna doudan ding lampi eima khotang sumpi apat hing kipan masa ding ahidan missionary-te’n kohmu ut ahi uhi. Ei-le-ei kiseh ngai a, eima ngei in pandan ding lampi suingai-kanngai a, lampi tuamtuam sial ngai zel zawh hi.
5. Missionary tuamtuam in, amau mimal theina-le-siamna tawh kituah in, zawnna galdou dan ding ngaidan tuamtuam a nei uhi. Rev. Rivenburg in Jersey Bawngpi khoidan apat sawm bang in, American missionary veve Rev. Bronson in 1850 lai in Naga Tapidaw suathate haichi-le-theinou tha suan di’n ana hanthon hi. Welsh Presbyterian missionary Rev. Thomas Jones in zong Khasi-te veng-le-paam khantouna pen na vei mama a, ama pan theina tan ah, Khasi Tapidaw-te nehsui-tahsuidan lampi changkang zaw leh khantouna panlah ding dan na kohmu sawm hi. Thomas Jones in Khasi-te aalu (potato) chiindan tha a zilsah ban ah, suang-meihol zatdan tha a hil hi. Khasi-Jaintia gam ah suang-meihol tampi om a, hinanleh tuami lai in a gammite’n “lime” suangnot mei a halna di’n suang-meihol saang in singtun ma na zang nalai uhi. Tami Welsh missionary Jones muna pat in, Khasi-te tahsap pen hagau khantouna mai hilouin, “hagau-tahsa-khotang” a khantouna kining ching zaw ahi. India in 1947 a zalenna a mu zou apat, Tumlam missionary-te’n ei-le-ei i kitoudel theina di’n awlawl in ahing peisan ta uhi. Amau un India Mal-Suah gam a “hagau-tahsa-khotang” khantouna ding leh veng-le-paam khantouna di’a ma ana pat sate uh tuni’n maban zop ding pen ei khut a om ahi ta hi.
6. Veng-le-paam khantouna ding thu leh khotang sumpi kizopna pen social scientist-te’n “0-1-3 Model”[2] toh a hilchian uhi. Mimal khat angen a omna ah khotang kizopna 0 ahia, mihing ni a omkhawm chiang in kizopna 1 piang a, mihing thum a omna ah kizopna 3 tah piang hi. Tami 0-1-3 Model pen mimal kizopna genna mai hilou in, pawlpi kizopna hilchetna zong ahi. Pawlpi khat nasepna ah khotang sumpi bangma om lou [0] ahia, pawlpi ni nasep khawmna ah khotang sumpi khat [1] piang khe thei a, hinanleh pawlpi thum kizopna ah khotang sumpi aleh-ni mai hilou in, a leh-thum [3] in pung hi. Mihing thum ahilouleh pawlpi thum kizopna pen sil thum kilom khawm maimai hitalou a, kizopna siltha khat a piangsah thei hi. Etsahna din Hydrogen atom 2 leh Oxygen atom 1 kigawm pen atom 3 kilom khawm maimai hitalou a, kizopna siltha vilvel ahi zoh a, “tui” apiang sah hi. Tui pen hydrogen chi thei ahi non sih a, oxygen zong ahi diah sih a, kigawmna sil tha ‘tui’ kichi khu ahi mai hi. Hydrogen atom kidawn thei lou a, oxygen zong kidawm thei lou hi; hinanleh ‘tui’ kidawn thei hi. Pahpe (flower) pen et lawm mama a, tua etlawmna thei ut in a nengneng in malzan in khenkhe lechin pahpe kilawmna mu ding om non lou zel hi. Tualeh pahpe a neng neng a kikhente pen pahpe kilawm gen thada, pahpe zong kichi thei non lou ding hi. Khotang sumpi om ziah zong hichi dan ahia, mimal ni-le-thum, pawl ni-le-thum kipun khawmna apat sil tha leh thupi zaw piang khe thei gige hi.
7. Zou sung ah en talei, i kim-le-paam a Tapidaw suah i unaute apat sil tampi i zilbe uhi. En midang apat i zil bang in, midang in zong ei apat a zilsawn thei leuleu ding uhi. Tu khang a sil piangte tham lou in, nualam a sil manpha omte apat zong zil thei i nei ding uhi. Nidang sawm-inn sung a kisinsahna poimaw pen ahileh midang a di’a tawmngaina leh gal-le-sa apat khosung bitna ding ahi. Sawm-inn thuhilna in mimal masang a khosung masat sah ding a dei a, khosung kipumkhat loute’n gal-le-sa apat bitna mu thei lou ding ua, mimal a bitna chi bang ngaidan a om sih hi. Sawm-inn pen i pi-le-pute a di’n khanglui pilna upadi zilna banah khutsiam-silbawl teng zilna mun zong ahi pai a, tulai a saang-inn dinmun a luo hi. Hunte hing kikhel in veng-le-paam khantouna theidan zong akikhel zel hi. Japan Gaal (WW II) ma tan in, Manipur singtaangmi tamzaw singtaang louhaw a nehsui ahia, tuachi’n phailou haw leh solkal kham sepna chi bang nehsuina tuamtuam awl in a hing piang hi. Nidang pi-le-pute hun in, khosung khantouna vai pen louhaw, singpuah, galmat-samat, leh pawltah gualnop bawl chite toh na kisai deu hi. Khosung khantouna vai pen hausa inn leh sawm-inn (youth dormitory) kim ah na kivial-le zel a, a hun-le-mun zil a amau khang a di’a khosung khantouna thute a buaipi uhi. Nidang khota hinkhua i nua etleh, ki-itna, upate zatatna, kipumkhatna, leh pankhawm dan chite na pibawl ua, tami lam sang ah na changkang mama uhi. I pi-le-pute’n sana dangka a nei lou vang un, khat-le-khat kimuanna, pankhawmna leh khotang sumpi (tulai social scientist-te gendan hileh ‘social capital’) kiningching tah a na nei uhi.
8. Paulo Freire in Latin America gambung sung a mikim siamsinna a poimaw ngai bang in, tuhun a Zou sung a veng-le-paam khantouna di’n zong mikim siamsinna leh adiah a “lianvaite siamsinna” a kisam hi. Mikim siamsinna in numei-pasal, numawl-pamawl, leh ateeh-akhang a huam pha hi. Siamsinna pen pilna-le-theina suina mai hilou in, khotang kiliangkimna pian theina di’a vanzat poimaw tah ahi malam hi. Kiliangkimna omlouna mun ah veng-le-paam khantouna dihtah kinei thei lou zel hi. Mihing adi’a kisam bulpite – niteng anneh khop, tuineh siangthou, hui siangthou, lungsim-tahsa damtheina, leh mikim siamsinna – chite beh tellou in veng-le-paam khantouna piang theilou ding hi. Mikim adi’a hichibang khantouna neina di’a kalbi poimaw ahileh eima minam sung thamlou i veng-le-paam a unau minam dangte toh i khotang sumpi suhpung ding kiphamo mama hi. Manipur singtangmite lah ah sakhona leh politics-te’n tami i pi-le-pute apat i neisa khotang sumpi a punbe sah khol sih uhi. Hinanleh Zou sung ah tami khotang sumpi belap utna lungsim Zou Social Gospel (ZSG) in bangtan ama tahlang hi. 20 February 1994 a na ding khia, ZSG poimawna ahileh Tapidaw biahna kikhenna leh tualsung politics kitaidemna kikal a guam ah panmun alep sawm hamham hi. Tualeh ZSG in sakhona lam a huapzouna, politics khantouna, leh khotang khantouna chi silthum teng a kizomna om ahi, chi amu thei uhi. ZSG in panmun a lepsate dei bang in kip sih nanleh, Zou sung a veng-le-paam khantouna lunggul zousia kipatna di’n sakhona leh politics simlou zong lampi dang omthei ahi, chi simmun ahing pie uhi.
Thuhitna ding in, veng-le-paam khantouna pen mimal, innsung leh minam siamthana dia kiphamaw ahi. Eima khotang sumpi musua leh zang lou in, khantouna pen pulam apat midang panpina maimai toh piangthei hilou ahi. Laisiangthou in, “Pasian gam khuh na lungsung ua om ahi” ana chi bang in, veng-le-paam khantouna zong vantung apat, Tuipi gaal apat ahilouleh New Delhi apat hing kipan ding hilou in, eima sung a khotang sumpi i musua chiang a hing piang ding ahi zawh hi. I pi-le-pute Lawki-te khotang sumpi kipumkhatna supung a, Tapidaw missionary-te mapatsa zawnna gaal doudan lampi thate i suikhawm uh poimaw ta hi. Khantouna di’a kisam kiliangkimna leh mikim siamsinna chite i khotang sumpi zang lou in piang thei lou ding hi. Tualeh, veng-le-paam khantouna di’a Latin America a Paulo Freire ngaidan khenkhat leh Zou Social Gospel-te nasepdan tangpi – a buchin zou louna tampi om nanleh – suitha a zilbe thei ding simmun om hi, chi i tahlang nuam hi.
[1] Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed[1](1972) pen Zoukam in “Liangvaite Siamsinna” chi’a lekhiat thei ahi.
[2] Tami “0-1-3 Model” na kanbe utleh, Kelly & Sewell (1998) en in.
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